a. What is computer hardware? List its examples.
Ans: Computer hardware refers to the physical components
of a computer system. Examples include the central processing unit (CPU),
monitor, keyboard, mouse, and printer.
b. Write the main function of the input unit.
Ans: The main function of the
input unit is to receive data and instructions from the user or external
devices and transfer them into the computer system for processing.
c. What is memory? What is the major classification of computer
memory?
Ans: Memory in a computer
refers to the storage space where data and instructions are temporarily stored.
The major classification of computer memory is primary memory (also known as
main memory) and secondary memory.
d. What is primary memory? What are its types?
Ans: Primary memory is the
main storage area of a computer system that is directly accessible by the CPU.
Its types include Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read-Only Memory (ROM).
e. Differentiate between ROM and RAM.
Ans: ROM (Read-Only Memory)
is non-volatile memory that stores permanent data and instructions, which
cannot be modified. RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile memory that stores
temporary data and education, which can be read from and written to by the
CPU.
f. What is the difference between SRAM and DRAM.?
Ans: SRAM (Static Random
Access Memory) and DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) are both types of RAM.
SRAM is faster and more expensive but requires more space, while DRAM is slower
and less expensive but more commonly used.
g. What is secondary storage? What are its types?
Ans: Secondary storage refers
to external storage devices that provide long-term storage for data, programs,
and files. Examples include hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs),
and optical discs.
h. What are magnetic disks? Write with examples.
Ans: Magnetic disks are a
type of secondary storage that use magnetic materials such as iron oxide or
ferrous oxide to store data. It is most commonly used secondary storage devide
in the personal computer. Examples include hard disk drives (HDDs) and floppy
disks (no longer commonly used).
i. What is optical storage? Write with example.
Ans: Optical storage is a
type of secondary storage that uses lasers to read and write data on optical
discs. An example is the compact disc (CD) or digital versatile disc (DVD). The
information on the optical disk is stored as pits and lands. And
the pits tiny reflective bumps that are created with laser beam.
j. What are the advantages of hard disk over floppy disk?
Ans: The advantages of a hard
disk over a floppy disk include larger storage capacity, faster data access,
better durability, and compatibility with modern computer systems.
k. What are soft copy output and hard copy output device?
Ans: Soft copy output refers
to the display of information on a screen, such as a monitor, while hard copy
output refers to printed or physical output, such as from a printer.
l. Differentiate between LCD monitor and CRT monitor.
Ans: An LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display) monitor is thin, lightweight, and produces a sharp image. A CRT
(Cathode Ray Tube) monitor is larger, bulkier, and uses a cathode ray tube to
display images.
m. What is printer? What are its types?
Ans: A printer is an output
device that produces a physical copy of information on paper. Types of printers
includes:
i.
Impact printer
-
Dot Matrix Printer
ii.
Non-Impact printer
-
Inkjet printer
-
Laser printer
n. Differentiate between Impact
and Non Impact printers
Ans: Impact printers use a
physical mechanism to create an image on paper, such as dot matrix printers
that use a series of pins. Non-impact printers use non-physical methods, like
ink or laser technology, to create an image on paper.
o. Why does a computer need primary memory?
Ans: A computer needs primary
memory to store data and instructions that are actively being used by the CPU
for processing. Primary memory allows for quick access to information, enabling
the computer to operate efficiently.
p. Why does a computer need secondary storage?
Ans: A computer needs
secondary storage to provide long-term storage for data, programs, and files
that are not actively being used. Secondary storage devices allow for larger
storage capacities and data retention even when the computer is powered off.
q. What is 3D printer? List its application.
Ans: A 3D printer is a device
that can create three-dimensional objects by building them layer by layer using
various materials. Applications of 3D printing include prototyping,
manufacturing, medical modeling, and educational purposes.
r. Differentiate between CD and DVD.
Ans: CD (Compact Disc) and
DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) are both optical storage media. The main
difference is their storage capacity, with CDs typically holding up to 700MB of
data, while DVDs can hold 4.7GB or more.
s. What are the difference between Primary memory and Secondary
memory?
Ans: The main differences
between primary memory and secondary memory are their speed, capacity, and
volatility.
Primary memory is faster than secondary memory as it is directly accessed
by the CPU. It has limited capacity and is volatile, meaning that its contents
are lost when the computer is powered off. Primary memory includes RAM and ROM.
Secondary memory, on the other hand, is slower than primary memory but has a larger storage capacity. It is non-volatile, which means that data stored in
secondary memory remains intact even when the computer is turned off. Examples
of secondary memory include hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs),
and external storage devices like USB flash drives and memory cards.
In summary, primary memory provides temporary storage for data and
instructions that are actively used by the CPU, while secondary memory offers
long-term storage for data, programs, and files that are not currently in use.
Chapter 1: Computer Basics
Chapter 2: Types of Computer
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